The riots of Darius's time, popular uprisings or mafia revolts?!

These days it can be seen that some - of course by distorting the sources- They insist that the first rebellions during the reign of Darius the Great Achaemenid are popular uprisings. But what were these people's uprisings, most of which took place only during one year, in ancient times, when travel between states could take several months; Have they been expelled?!

With a comprehensive look at the Biston inscription, we find out that these riots were mostly among the soldiers and were similar to the mafia riots.. After Guomat, perhaps the religious fanaticism of his reign and the resulting dissatisfactions paved the way for the rebels; Their leaders falsely created legitimacy for themselves, and the generals and soldiers, perhaps by hiring mercenary forces, sought power..

According to the Biston inscription and other sources, there are several reasons why these riots are mafia:

Most of these rebellions have been repelled in just one year; That too in ancient times. (Biston inscription, column 4, paragraph 2)

According to other historians, even the Greek historians who seem to have welcomed any narrative that was biased; There is no mention of many of these riots and it seems that many of these riots have not been heard!!

Many people who were from troubled lands helped Darius. At the head of them, we can mention the Medes, Persians, Armenians and even a kind of Khoziyya.

For example, when a person named Furortish falsely pretends to be the son of Hovakhshtar(The former king of the Medes) introduces(Because it creates legitimacy for itself and attracts many troops and mercenary forces to its side)Darius suppressed him with only a small army of Medes and Persians.

Another person who falsely introduced himself as the son of Hovakhshtra was suppressed by the Persian and Madi army, this time under the leadership of a Madi.(Column 2, paragraph 14)

Contrary to what is sometimes expressed these days; Since the Medes and Persians were allies of each other for a long time and remained united until a long time later, the movement of these rebels can be considered against the alliance of the Medes and Persians..

See: The permanent solidarity of Medes and Persians

An Armenian was also sent to suppress the unrest in Armenia and fought with the rebels (Column 2, paragraph 7)

According to the Elamite writing of this inscription, Dariush Peshami to Elam (Josey) He sent and the rebel was brought to him tied up. Also, once again, as it is said, they feared Darius and suppressed the rebellious person.

Dariush uses the word "Kara" in the Biston inscription, while in the famous inscriptions with the sentences "he created the sky, he created the earth and he created the people…And it has been left since the time of Darius; He uses the word martiya for people.

None of the states that became restless at this time had not been restless before during the Achaemenid period, and in many of them there was no unrest until the end of the Achaemenid period.. This shows that the rebels had taken advantage of the situation and considered that situation suitable for gaining power.

Some non-natives would rebel in some lands. For example, an Armenian went to Babylon and falsely created legitimacy for himself, and a Persian went to Khozia.! How can these riots be supported by people when it is in another city?! These show that considering the troops and forces that these rebels had gathered, they intended to seize power wherever they saw the opportunity.. Since Darius was more acceptable and naturally had many troops at his disposal, these rebellions were easily repelled..

The evidence shows that the people did not play a role in the formation of these riots and did not support the rebels that much..

In general, this area has been very restless. Cyrus' conquests were mostly due to the security of the borders. Cyrus conquered most of the countries that attacked him or were allies of the invaders. If Darius had not suppressed these rebellions, naturally, the period of unrest and long wars would have started in the region..

This is the same region where kings like the kings of Assyria used to attack other countries and, as they say, "silence the sound of joy" and destroy everywhere, and the reason for all this was the lack of strict security in the region.. Despite this bitter history, wouldn't the same era be repeated when Darius left the rebels? Was it not that Croesus with his allies, Babylon, Egypt and even Sparta… Using their military forces to attack Cyrus unilaterally?! If it were not for these records and many achievements of the civilizations of this region would not have been destroyed; If these countries did not have a history of cooperation with the invaders, then perhaps, based on the Biston inscription, Darius and his actions could be seen in a completely negative light.!

Although comprehensive information from that era cannot be obtained, it seems that some people distort the Biston inscription and raise issues, seeking destruction and perhaps other false goals..

By examining other sources and drawing out their commonalities, we find that the general statements of Greek historians confirm Darius's words.. And by examining the sources, Abadgar's face is obtained from Dariush.

We can see the effect of these improvements of Darius in the words of some Greeks; Pay attention to this part of Parsian's play:

Does Darius, that late king, the king who was equal to the gods, hear my words?! Does he hear my lamentations and glories, in which all my pain and suffering are accumulated, in his own language, which is familiar to his ears?

…

King, old king, return among us, appear above the earth that covers your grave! Put your golden foot and shoes on this stone and allow us once again to look at the tassel of the royal crown.. Come back, oh, come back, O Darius, O flawless father. Sorry!

At that time when the old king, the mighty king, the invincible and perfect king, the godlike Darius, ruled this land, how beautiful and great life was in our peaceful cities.!

Aeschylus, Persian play, 630 stanzas – 670, with thanks to Mohammad Mehdi Jokar, Unsaid Ancient Iran

We should not forget that many ancient works have been obtained from the reign of Dariush, which indicate prosperity, justice, the art of friendship and respect for the rights of workers and various ethnic groups..