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Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Convert modern Persian or scientific transliteration into cuneiform, or read cuneiform with an English dictionary gloss and scientific transliteration. Historical results are limited to documented evidence.

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Research result

Script, transliteration, and gloss

Attested in Old Persian
This input matches more than one documented entry or inflected form; choose the intended evidence.

𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎿𐎫𐎶

ufrastam

heavily punished

Documented dictionary evidence for ufrastam.

Exact dictionary entry match 1 documented occurrences in the active release Dictionary entry
Translation and review status

Dictionary entry gloss

Curated dictionary entry

heavily punished

Unresolved tokens
None

Documented attestations

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎢uPhonogram
  2. 𐎳faPhonogram
  3. 𐎼raPhonogram
  4. 𐎿saPhonogram
  5. 𐎫taPhonogram
  6. 𐎶maPhonogram
Corpus release: 2026-08-15Parser: titus-html-v2.0.0Source hash: b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7