Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

Babylon

Lemma
Bābiru
Transliteration
b-a-b-i-ru-u-m
Transcription
Bābirum

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Bābirum; English gloss: Babylon.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎲 ba Phonogram
  2. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  3. 𐎲 ba Phonogram
  4. 𐎡 i Phonogram
  5. 𐎽 ru Phonogram
  6. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  7. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

11 occurrences
DB1. · 83100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎶 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠/𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶

: a-d-m-š-i-m : a-v-a-j-n-m !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : b-a-/b-i-ru-u-mToken span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 91100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠[𐎭]𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢[𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡](𐎹 𐏐 𐎢)𐎱/𐎠𐎹𐎶

: p-s-a-v : a-[d]-m : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : a-š-i-y-v-m : a-ϑ-i-y : b-a-b-i-ru-u-[m : y-ϑ-a : n-i]-(y : u)-p-/a-y-mToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 91100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠[𐎭]𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢[𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡](𐎹 𐏐 𐎢)𐎱/𐎠𐎹𐎶

: p-s-a-v : a-[d]-m : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : a-š-i-y-v-m : a-ϑ-i-y : b-a-b-i-ru-u-[m : y-ϑ-a : n-i]-(y : u)-p-/a-y-mToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 2100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎶𐎴𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎠(𐎸)[𐎢𐎰 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲]𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹/𐎺

: k-m-n-i-b-i-š : a-s-b-a-r-i-b-i-š : a-(mu)-[u-ϑ : b-a-b]-i-ru-u-m : a-š-i-y-/vToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 3100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺𐎶 𐏐 [𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭]𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠/𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶

: p-s-a-v : a-d-m : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : a-š-i-y-v-m : [v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d]-a-h : u-t-a : b-a-/b-i-ru-u-mToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 3100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺𐎶 𐏐 [𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭]𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠/𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶

: p-s-a-v : a-d-m : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : a-š-i-y-v-m : [v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d]-a-h : u-t-a : b-a-/b-i-ru-u-mToken span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 82100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎧𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹𐎫/𐎠

: a-b-v : a-b-i-y : a-v-m : a-r-x-m : a-š-i-y-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : h-u-v : a-g-r-b-a-y-t-/aToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 84100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎡𐏁𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎭𐎳𐎼[𐎴𐎠] 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠(𐎼𐎿) 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠

: p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : f-r-a-i-š-y-m : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : vi-i-d-f-r-[n-a] : n-a-m : p-a-(r-s) : m-n-aToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 87100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎿𐎫[𐎠𐎶] 𐏐 𐎠[𐎲𐎼] 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀/𐎭𐎠𐏃

: a-š-i-y-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y : u-p-s-t-[a-m] : a-[b-r] : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-/d-a-hToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 15100% confidence

𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 [𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡]𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏑 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎠/𐎶

h-u-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m [: h-mi-i]-ç-i-y-m : a-ku-u-n-u-š : 1 m-r-t-i-y : n-a-/mToken span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 30100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 [𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎲𐎢]𐎴𐎡𐎫𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷/𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶

: a-mi-i-y [: h-y : n-b-u]-n-i-t-h-y : p-u-ç : h-u-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : h-mi-/i-ç-i-y-mToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.92.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.92.7.View source