Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎫𐎹𐎠𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

who

Lemma
haya/taya-
Transliteration
t-y-a-m
Transcription
tayām

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for tayām; English gloss: who.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎫 ta Phonogram
  2. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
  3. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  4. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

6 occurrences
DB1. · 69100% confidence

𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎻𐎰𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎧𐎶 𐏐 𐎥𐎠𐎰𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 [𐎱𐎽]𐎢𐎺𐎶[𐎨𐎡]𐎹 𐏐

y-a-t-a : vi-ϑ-m : t-y-a-m : a-m-a-x-m : g-a-ϑ-v-a : a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m : y-ϑ-a : [p-ru]-u-v-m-[c-i]-y :Token span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 71100% confidence

𐏐 𐎻𐎰𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎧𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰/𐎡𐎹

: vi-ϑ-m : t-y-a-m : a-m-a-x-m : n-i-y : p-r-a-b-r !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-/i-yToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 70100% confidence

𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎡𐎴𐎠𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹/𐎠𐎶

: x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : tu-u-v-m : k-a : h-y : a-p-r-m : i-m-a-m : di-i-p-i-m : v-i-n-a-h-y : t-y-/a-mToken span 18–18 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 87100% confidence

𐏐 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣(𐎠) 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹[𐎰]𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎡𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠/𐎶

: tu-u-v-m : k-(a) : x-š-a-y-[ϑ]-i-y : h-y : a-p-r-m : a-h-y : t-y-a-m : i-m-i-š-a-m : m-r-t-i-y-a-n-a-/mToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DPd · 7100% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎲/𐎼

: t-y-a-m : m-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a : f-r-a-b-/rToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DNa · 59100% confidence

𐎫𐎹𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎼𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎠

t-y-a-m : r-a-s-t-a-m : m-aToken span 1–1 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.70.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.70.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNa (Q007152) · Q007152.59.1

Documented dictionary attestation in DNa (Q007152), Q007152.59.1.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPd (Q007160) · Q007160.7.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DPd (Q007160), Q007160.7.3.View source