Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠
Attested in Old Persian

Xerxes I, king of Persia

Lemma
Xšayaṛsan
Transliteration
x-š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a
Transcription
Xšayaṛšahyā

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Xšayaṛšahyā; English gloss: Xerxes I, king of Persia.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎧 xa Phonogram
  2. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
  3. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
  4. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  5. 𐎼 ra Phonogram
  6. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
  7. 𐏃 ha Phonogram
  8. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
  9. 𐎠 a Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

6 occurrences
A1Pa · 14100% confidence

[𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹]/𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃[𐎹𐎠

[: du-u-r-i-y : a-p-i-y : x-š-y]-/a-r-š-h-[y-aToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A1Pa · 14100% confidence

[𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹]/𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃[𐎹𐎠

[: du-u-r-i-y : a-p-i-y : x-š-y]-/a-r-š-h-[y-aToken span 7–7 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A1I · 1100% confidence

𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏍𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎥𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎡𐎹𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫

a-r-t-x-š-ç-a : XŠ : v-z-r-k : XŠ : XŠ-y-a-n-a-m : XŠ : DH-y-u-n-a-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : x-š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a : d-a-r-y-v-u-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : h-y : i-m-m : b-a-tu-u-g-r : s-i-y-m-m : vi-i-ϑ-i-y-a : k-r-tToken span 15–15 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A1I · 1100% confidence

𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏍𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎥𐎼 𐏐 𐎿𐎡𐎹𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫

a-r-t-x-š-ç-a : XŠ : v-z-r-k : XŠ : XŠ-y-a-n-a-m : XŠ : DH-y-u-n-a-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : x-š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a : d-a-r-y-v-u-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : h-y : i-m-m : b-a-tu-u-g-r : s-i-y-m-m : vi-i-ϑ-i-y-a : k-r-tToken span 21–21 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Ha · 3100% confidence

𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎰𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎧[𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼]/𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠

: XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : a-r-t-x-š-ϑ-r-h-y-a : x-[š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : x-š-y-a-r]-/š-h-y-aToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Ha · 3100% confidence

𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎰𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎧[𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼]/𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠

: XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : a-r-t-x-š-ϑ-r-h-y-a : x-[š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : x-š-y-a-r]-/š-h-y-aToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

A¹Pa (Q007250) · Q007250.14.7

Documented dictionary attestation in A¹Pa (Q007250), Q007250.14.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

A²Ha (Q007271) · Q007271.3.9

Documented dictionary attestation in A²Ha (Q007271), Q007271.3.9.View source