Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥
Attested in Old Persian

falsehood

Lemma
drau̯ga-
Transliteration
d-r-u-g
Transcription
drau̯gā

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

Download audio
Haman-Ava rights

Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

info@parsiandej.ir

Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Inspect in converter Open converterBack to dictionary
Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for drau̯gā; English gloss: falsehood.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎭 da Phonogram
  2. 𐎼 ra Phonogram
  3. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  4. 𐎥 ga Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

4 occurrences
DB1. · 3475% confidence

[𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠] 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎫/[𐎠

[: u-t-a] : d-r-u-g : d-h-y-u-v-a : v-s-i-y : a-b-v : u-t-a : p-a-r-s-i-y : u-t-a : m-a-d-i-y : u-t-/[aToken span 4–4 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB4. · 3775% confidence

𐏐 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎧[𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃]𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎶 𐏐

: tu-u-v-m : k-a : x-[š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : h]-y : a-p-r-m : a-h-y : h-c-a : d-r-u-g-a : d-r-š-m :Token span 16–16 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DPd · 1775% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎼/𐎢𐎥𐎠

: h-c-a : du-u-š-i-y-a-r-a : h-c-a : d-r-/u-g-aToken span 8–8 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DPd · 2075% confidence

𐏐 𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 𐏐 𐎠𐎡𐎫 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐

: m-a : d-r-u-g : a-i-t : a-d-m :Token span 4–4 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.324.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.324.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPd (Q007160) · Q007160.17.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DPd (Q007160), Q007160.17.9.View source