Inscription line

Darius I, Susa (DSf)

DSf · 28

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐏏 𐏐 𐎠𐎣𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎺𐎫 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎡𐎣𐎠 𐏐
Transliteration: : u-t-a : t-y : BU : a-k-n-i-y : f-r-v-t : u-t-a : t-y : ϑ-i-k-a :
Transcription: : utā : tya : BU : akaniya : fravata : utā : tya : ϑikā :
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 28

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:11

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

and · so that · earth · dig · forwards · and · so that · gravel

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 28
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎢𐎫𐎠u-t-a	utā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā; English gloss: and. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐎫𐎹t-y	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏏BU	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐎠𐎣𐎴𐎡𐎹a-k-n-i-y	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐎳𐎼𐎺𐎫f-r-v-t	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐎢𐎫𐎠u-t-a	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐎫𐎹t-y	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
16	𐎰𐎡𐎣𐎠ϑ-i-k-a	utā haya/taya- būmī- kan fravata utā haya/taya- θikā-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā tya BU akaniya fravata utā tya θikā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: and · who · earth · dig · forwards · and · who · gravel. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
17	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DSf 28

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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