Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB4.)

DB4. · 71

Contains damage

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎱𐎡𐎰𐎶 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎡𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎣𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎣𐎴𐎠𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎭/𐎰𐎿
Transliteration: : a-d-m : n-i-y-p-i-ϑ-m : i-m-i-v-a : p-t-i-k-r-a : m-a-t-y : vi-i-k-n-a-h-y : y-a-v-a : d-/ϑ-s
Transcription: : adam : niyapaiϑam : imaivā : patikarā : mātya : vikanāhy : yāvā : daϑans?
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 71

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:10

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

I · write down · this (here) · image · so that not · destroy · as long as · healthy?

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 71
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎠𐎭𐎶a-d-m	adam	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for adam; English gloss: I. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎱𐎡𐎰𐎶n-i-y-p-i-ϑ-m	ni-pai̯θ	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for niyapinθam; English gloss: write down. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎡𐎶𐎡𐎺𐎠i-m-i-v-a	i-/ima-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for imai̯vā; English gloss: this (here). · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎣𐎼𐎠p-t-i-k-r-a	patikara-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for patikarā; English gloss: image. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎹m-a-t-y	mā-taya	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for mātaya; English gloss: so that not. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
12	𐎻𐎡𐎣𐎴𐎠𐏃𐎹vi-i-k-n-a-h-y	vi-kan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for vikanāhi; English gloss: destroy. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
14	𐎹𐎠𐎺𐎠y-a-v-a	yāvā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for yāvā; English gloss: as long as. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
15	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
16	𐎭/𐎰𐎿d-/ϑ-s	daθans	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for daθans; English gloss: healthy?. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB4. 71

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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