Inscription line

Darius I, Bisotun (DB2.)

DB2. · 89

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏑 𐎨𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎩𐎶 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠/𐎶𐎡𐎹
Transliteration: : u-t-a : g-u-š-a : f-r-a-j-n-m : u-t-a-š-i-y : 1 c-š-m : a-v-j-m : du-u-v-r-y-a-/m-i-y
Transcription: : utā : gaušā : frājanam : utāšaiy : 1 cašam : avajam : duvarayāmaiy
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 89

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:09

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

and · ear · strike off · and · eye · gouge out · gouge out · gate

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐, 𐏐

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 89
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
2	𐎢𐎫𐎠u-t-a	utā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utā; English gloss: and. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
4	𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠g-u-š-a	gau̯ša-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for gau̯šā; English gloss: ear. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
6	𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎶f-r-a-j-n-m	fra-gan	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for frājanam; English gloss: strike off. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
8	𐎢𐎫𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹u-t-a-š-i-y	utā	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for utāšai̯; English gloss: and. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
10	𐏑1 c-š-m	cašman-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for cašma; English gloss: eye. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐎨𐏁𐎶a-v-j-m	vaj	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āvajam; English gloss: gouge out. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
13	𐎠𐎺𐎩𐎶du-u-v-r-y-a-/m-i-y	vaj	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āvajam; English gloss: gouge out. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
14	𐏐	—	No analysis recorded
15	𐎯𐎢𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠/𐎶𐎡𐎹	duvara-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for duvarayāmai̯; English gloss: gate. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

DB2. 89

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

Source and permission for use

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

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The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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