Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺
Attested in Old Persian

Babylon

Lemma
Bābiru
Transliteration
b-a-b-i-r-u-v
Transcription
Bābirau̯

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Bābirau̯; English gloss: Babylon.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎲 ba Phonogram
  2. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  3. 𐎲 ba Phonogram
  4. 𐎡 i Phonogram
  5. 𐎼 ra Phonogram
  6. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  7. 𐎺 va Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

12 occurrences
DB1. · 78100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎭𐎱𐎫𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎲/𐎢𐎤𐎭𐎼𐎨𐎼

: p-u-ç : h-u-v : u-d-p-t-t-a : b-a-b-i-r-u-v : k-a-r-m : a-v-ϑ-a : a-du-u-ru-u-ji-i-y : a-d-m : n-b-/u-ku-d-r-c-rToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 81100% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹𐎫𐎠 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹/𐎰𐎡𐎹

: t-y : b-a-b-i-r-u-v : h-u-v : a-g-r-b-a-y-t-a !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-/ϑ-i-yToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 5100% confidence

𐏐 𐎴𐎮𐎡𐎫𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎩[𐎴𐎶 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭]𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧/𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹

: n-di-i-t-b-i-r-m : a-d-m : b-a-b-i-r-u-v : a-v-a-j-[n-m !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d]-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-/š-a-y-ϑ-i-yToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 6100% confidence

𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐏃[𐎶 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐] 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃/𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎠

: y-a-t-a : a-d-m : b-a-b-i-r-u-v : a-h-[m : i-m-a : d-h-y-a-v :] t-y-a : h-c-a-m : h-/mi-i-ç-i-y-aToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 79100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎾𐎮𐎡𐎫𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎭𐎱𐎫𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎲𐎠𐎾 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎠 𐏐 (𐎭)𐏃𐎹𐎠/𐎢𐏁

: h-l-di-i-t-h-y : p-u-ç : h-u-v : u-d-p-t-t-a : b-a-b-i-r-u-v : du-u-b-a-l : n-a-m-a : (d)-h-y-a-/u-šToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 83100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠[𐎼𐎹𐎺]𐎢[𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁]𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡/𐎹

: h-u-v : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-b-v : b-a-b-i-r-u-v !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-[r-y-v]-u-[š : x-š]-a-y-ϑ-i-/yToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 92100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼[𐎢]𐎺 𐏐 [𐎢]𐏀<𐎶>𐎹𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎣𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎫𐎠

: a-h-t-a : b-a-b-i-r-[u]-v : [u]-z-<m>-y-a-p-t-i-y : a-k-r-i-y-t-aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 2100% confidence

𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 [𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢]𐎺 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭/𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁

: m-n-a : k-r-t-m [: b-a-b-i-r-u]-v !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-/a-r-y-v-u-šToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DBd · 7100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎲/𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺

: a-mi-i-y : b-/a-b-i-r-u-vToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DBi · 11100% confidence

𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲<𐎡>𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐

: b-a-b-<i>-r-u-v :Token span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSf · 33100% confidence

𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 [𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲]𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎹𐎢/𐎴[𐎠

b-a-b-i-r-u-v : h-c-a [: b-a-b]-i-r-u-v : k-r-k-a : u-t-a : y-u-/n-[aToken span 1–1 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSf · 33100% confidence

𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 [𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲]𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎹𐎢/𐎴[𐎠

b-a-b-i-r-u-v : h-c-a [: b-a-b]-i-r-u-v : k-r-k-a : u-t-a : y-u-/n-[aToken span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.79.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.79.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBd (Q007138) · Q007138.7.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DBd (Q007138), Q007138.7.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSf (Q007172) · Q007172.33.1

Documented dictionary attestation in DSf (Q007172), Q007172.33.1.View source