Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎳𐎼𐏁𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

wonderful, glorious

Lemma
fraša-
Transliteration
f-r-š-m
Transcription
frašam

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for frašam; English gloss: wonderful, glorious.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎳 fa Phonogram
  2. 𐎼 ra Phonogram
  3. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
  4. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

8 occurrences
DNb · 2100% confidence

𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐎡𐎴𐎫𐎡[𐎹] 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏁𐎡/𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎶

: f-r-š-m : t-y : v-i-n-t-i-[y] : h-y : a-d-d-a : š-i-/y-a-t-i-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSa · 5100% confidence

𐎠[𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎿]𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎰𐎭𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹

a-[ku-u-n-v-m : vi-i-s]-h-y-a : f-r-š-m : ϑ-d-y-a-t-i-yToken span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSf · 56100% confidence

𐏂𐎢𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎳[𐎼]𐏁𐎶 𐏐 [𐎳𐎼𐎶]𐎠𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎽[𐎢𐎺 𐏐] 𐎳𐎼𐏁/[𐎶

ç-u-š-a-y-a : p-ru-u-v : f-[r]-š-m : [f-r-m]-a-t-m : p-ru-[u-v :] f-r-š-/[mToken span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSf · 56100% confidence

𐏂𐎢𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎳[𐎼]𐏁𐎶 𐏐 [𐎳𐎼𐎶]𐎠𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎽[𐎢𐎺 𐏐] 𐎳𐎼𐏁/[𐎶

ç-u-š-a-y-a : p-ru-u-v : f-[r]-š-m : [f-r-m]-a-t-m : p-ru-[u-v :] f-r-š-/[mToken span 11–11 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSj · 6100% confidence

𐏐] 𐎻𐎡𐎿𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎰𐎭𐎹𐎠[𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏈 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏍𐎢𐎶]

:] vi-i-s-h-y-a : f-r-š-m : ϑ-d-y-a-[t-i-y : m-a-m : AM : p-a-tu-u-v : u-t-m-i-y : DH-u-m]Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSo · 4100% confidence

𐏐 𐎡𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴]𐎺𐎶

: i-d-a : f-r-š-m : a-ku-u-n]-v-mToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSs · 1100% confidence

[𐎲𐎥 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐏁𐎶 𐏐] 𐎠𐏃/[𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠

[b-g : v-z-r-k : a-u-r-m-z-d-a : h-y : f-r-š-m :] a-h-/[y-a-y-aToken span 9–9 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPl · 2100% confidence

𐏐 𐎳𐎼[𐏁]𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐎡𐎴𐎫<𐎡>𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠/𐎫𐎡𐎶

: f-r-[š]-m : t-y : v-i-n-t-<i>-y : h-y : a-d-a : š-i-y-a-/t-i-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNb (Q007153) · Q007153.2.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DNb (Q007153), Q007153.2.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSa (Q007167) · Q007167.5.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DSa (Q007167), Q007167.5.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSf (Q007172) · Q007172.56.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DSf (Q007172), Q007172.56.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSj (Q007175) · Q007175.6.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DSj (Q007175), Q007175.6.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSo (Q007179) · Q007179.6.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DSo (Q007179), Q007179.6.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSz (Q007187) · Q007187.23.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DSz (Q007187), Q007187.23.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPl (Q007220) · Q007220.2.2

Documented dictionary attestation in XPl (Q007220), Q007220.2.2.View source