Inscription line

Xerxes I, Susa (XSa)

XSa · 2

Parallel reading

Script, transliteration, and transcription

Old Persian cuneiform: 𐏃𐎮𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠
Transliteration: h-di-i-š : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-ku-u-n-u-š : h-y : m-n-a : p-i-t-a
Transcription: hadiš : Dārayavauš : xšāyaϑiya : akunauš : hya : manā : pitā
Editorial note: Source line has all recorded text layers. Machine-generated and unreviewed

Audio reading of line 2

Synthetic, approximate reading

Duration 0:05

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Translation and meaning

Recorded English translations

Machine-generated and unreviewedMachine-generated and unreviewed

palace · [d-a-r-y-v-u-š] · king · do · who · me, mine · father

Status: Machine-generated and unreviewed
Generator version: parsiandej-en-literal-b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7
Confidence: Not recorded
Unresolved tokens: None recorded

Machine-generated and unreviewed; this is not a human-reviewed critical translation.

Words in this line

Segmentation and word analysis

Words in line 2
Position	Inscriptional form	Lemma	Analysis
1	𐏃𐎮𐎡𐏁h-di-i-š	hadiš	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš; English gloss: palace. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
2	𐏐	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
3	𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁d-a-r-y-v-u-š	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
4	𐏐	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
5	𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
6	𐏐	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
7	𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁a-ku-u-n-u-š	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
8	𐏐	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
9	𐏃𐎹h-y	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
10	𐏐	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
11	𐎶𐎴𐎠m-n-a	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
12	𐏐	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed
13	𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠p-i-t-a	hadiš Dārayava.u- xšāyaθiya- kar haya/taya- ma- pitar-	Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hadiš Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya akunauš hya manā pitā; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: palace · Darius I, king of Persia · king · do · who · me, mine · father. · Automatically linked Machine-generated and unreviewed

Scholarly traceability

Source and stable identifier

XSa 2

View line in source Data preparation and notation guide

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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