Published inscription

Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPg)

XPg

Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPg) is a published Old Persian inscription record in the authorized TITUS corpus snapshot. The siglum XPg identifies this exact text record.

Machine-generated and unreviewed

Verified catalog identification

Identifiers and diplomatic text layers are retained from the authorized corpus snapshot.

Machine-generated and unreviewed
Ruler
Xerxes I Machine-generated and unreviewed
Place
Persepolis Machine-generated and unreviewed
Date / period
Achaemenid period, 486–465 BCE Machine-generated and unreviewed
Lines
14

Full inscription reading

Synthetic, approximate reading
Duration 1:05

Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

info@parsiandej.ir

Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

Inscription text

Published lines

14 lines

  1. Line 1

    𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐

    ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a :

    Machine-generated and unreviewedsay · Xerxes I, king of Persia

    Audio reading of line 1

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  2. Line 2

    𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎺𐏁/𐎴𐎠

    x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-z-r-k : v-š-/n-a

    Machine-generated and unreviewedking · great · will

    Audio reading of line 2

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  3. Line 3

    𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡/𐎹

    : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : v-s-i-/y

    Machine-generated and unreviewedAhuramazdā · very

    Audio reading of line 3

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
    Haman-Ava rights

    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  4. Line 4

    𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎲𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢/𐏁

    : t-y : n-i-b-m : a-ku-u-n-u-/š

    Machine-generated and unreviewedso that · beautiful · do

    Audio reading of line 4

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  5. Line 5

    𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎫𐎠 𐏐

    : u-t-a : f-r-a-m-a-y-t-a :

    Machine-generated and unreviewedand · command, direct

    Audio reading of line 5

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  6. Line 6
    Editorial restoration

    𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢[𐏁] 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹

    d-a-r-y-v-u-[š] : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y

    Machine-generated and unreviewedDarius · king

    Audio reading of line 6

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:07

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
    Haman-Ava rights

    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  7. Line 7
    Editorial restoration

    𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎺𐏁/𐎴𐎠[𐎱𐎡]𐎹

    : h-y : m-n-a : p-i-t-a : v-š-/n-a-[p-i]-y

    Machine-generated and unreviewedwho · me, mine · father · [v-š-/n-a-[p-i]-y]

    Audio reading of line 7

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:07

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
    Haman-Ava rights

    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  8. Line 8

    𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃

    : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h

    Machine-generated and unreviewedAhuramazdā

    Audio reading of line 8

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:02

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  9. Line 9
    Editorial restoration

    𐏐 𐎠𐎭[𐎶] 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶

    : a-d-[m] : a-b-i-y-j-a-v-y-m

    Machine-generated and unreviewedI · add

    Audio reading of line 9

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:07

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  10. Line 10

    𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐

    : a-b-i-y : a-v : k-r-t-m :

    Machine-generated and unreviewedto · that one · do

    Audio reading of line 10

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  11. Line 11
    Editorial restoration

    𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎼𐎶 [𐏐] 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴/𐎺𐎶

    u-t-a : f-r-t-r-m [:] a-ku-u-n-/v-m

    Machine-generated and unreviewedand · earlier · do

    Audio reading of line 11

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  12. Line 12
    Editorial restoration

    [𐏐] 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠

    [:] m-a-m : a-u-r-m-z-d-a

    Machine-generated and unreviewedme, mine · Ahuramazdā · Ahuramazdā

    Audio reading of line 12

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
    Haman-Ava rights

    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  13. Line 13
    Editorial restoration

    𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 [𐏐 𐏃𐎭]𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎥𐎡/𐎲𐎡𐏁

    : p-a-tu-u-v [: h-d]-a : b-g-i-/b-i-š

    Machine-generated and unreviewedprotect · (together) with · god

    Audio reading of line 13

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:08

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

    Line details, words, and references
  14. Line 14
    Editorial restoration

    𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎶𐎡𐎹 [𐏐] 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶

    : u-t-m-i-y [:] x-š-ç-m

    Machine-generated and unreviewedand · empire

    Audio reading of line 14

    Synthetic, approximate reading
    Duration 0:03

    Missing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.

    Download audio
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    Listening guide

    This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

    • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
    • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
    • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

    Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

    Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system

    This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.

    Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:

    info@parsiandej.ir

    Text source, rights and permission

    The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

    TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

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