Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPa)
XPaXerxes I, Persepolis (XPa) is a published Old Persian inscription record in the authorized TITUS corpus snapshot. The siglum XPa identifies this exact text record.
Machine-generated and unreviewedVerified catalog identification
Identifiers and diplomatic text layers are retained from the authorized corpus snapshot.
Machine-generated and unreviewed- Ruler
- Xerxes I Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Place
- Persepolis Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Date / period
- Achaemenid period, 486–465 BCE Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Lines
- 20
Full inscription reading
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Published lines
20 lines
Line 1 𐎲𐎥 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠/𐎭𐎠
b-g : v-z-r-k : a-u-r-m-z-d-a : h-y : i-m-a-m : b-u-mi-i-m : a-/d-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedgod · great · Ahuramazdā · who · this (here) · earth · make
Audio reading of line 1
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 2 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐
: h-y : a-v-m : a-s-m-a-n-m : a-d-a : h-y : m-r-t-i-y-m :
Machine-generated and unreviewedwho · that one · sky · make · who · man
Audio reading of line 2
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 3 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹
a-d-a : h-y : š-i-y-a-t-i-m : a-d-a : m-r-t-i-y-h-y-a : h-y
Machine-generated and unreviewedmake · who · happiness · make · man · who
Audio reading of line 3
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 4 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎡𐎺𐎶 𐏐
: x-š-y-a-r-š-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-m : a-ku-u-n-u-š : a-i-v-m :
Machine-generated and unreviewedXerxes I, king of Persia · king · do · one
Audio reading of line 4
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 5 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎡𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎶/𐎠𐎫𐎠𐎼𐎶
p-ru-u-n-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-m : a-i-v-m : p-ru-u-n-a-m : f-r-m-/a-t-a-r-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedmuch · king · one · much · lord
Audio reading of line 5
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 6 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐
: a-d-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-z-r-k :
Machine-generated and unreviewedI · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · great
Audio reading of line 6
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 7 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹/𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶
x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-a-n-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : d-h-y-/u-n-a-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedking · king · king · land
Audio reading of line 7
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 8 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐏀𐎴𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹/𐎠
: p-ru-u-v : z-n-a-n-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-h-y-a-y-/a
Machine-generated and unreviewedmuch · tribe · king · this (here)
Audio reading of line 8
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 9 𐏐 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠/𐎼𐎹𐎺𐏃𐎢𐏁
: b-u-mi-i-y-a : v-z-r-k-a-y-a : du-u-r-i-y : a-p-i-y : d-a-/r-y-v-h-u-š
Machine-generated and unreviewedearth · great · far · also · Darius I, king of Persia
Audio reading of line 9
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 10 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃{𐎠}𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁/𐎡𐎹
: x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-{a}-x-a-m-n-i-š-/i-y
Machine-generated and unreviewedking · son · Achaemenid
Audio reading of line 10
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 11 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐
: ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-š-n-a :
Machine-generated and unreviewedsay · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king · will
Audio reading of line 11
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 12 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃𐎠 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎺𐎼𐎰𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎿𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎶
a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h-a : i-m-m : du-u-v-r-ϑ-i-m : vi-i-s-d-h-y-u-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedAhuramazdā · this (here) · gatehouse · all lands
Audio reading of line 12
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 13 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹𐏁𐎨𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎲𐎶
: a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : v-s-i-y : a-n-i-y-š-c-i-y : n-i-b-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedI · do · very · [a-n-i-y-š-c-i-y] · beautiful
Audio reading of line 13
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 14 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐
: k-r-t-m : a-n-a : p-a-r-s-a : t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m :
Machine-generated and unrevieweddo · this (here) · Persia · so that · I · do
Audio reading of line 14
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 15 𐎢𐎫𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎣/𐎼𐎫𐎶
u-t-m-i-y : t-y : p-i-t-a : a-ku-u-n-u-š : t-y-p-t-i-y : k-/r-t-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedand · so that · father · do · who · do
Audio reading of line 15
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 16 𐏐 𐎺𐎡𐎴𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎲𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎿𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠/𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃𐎠
: v-i-n-t-i-y : n-i-b-m : a-v : vi-i-s-m : v-š-n-a : a-/u-r-m-z-d-a-h-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedsee · beautiful · that one · full · will · Ahuramazdā
Audio reading of line 16
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 17 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐
: a-ku-u-m-a : ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a :
Machine-generated and unrevieweddo · say · Xerxes I, king of Persia
Audio reading of line 17
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 18 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎶𐎡/𐎹
x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : m-a-m : a-u-r-m-z-d-a : p-a-tu-u-v : u-t-m-i-/y
Machine-generated and unreviewedking · me, mine · Ahuramazdā · protect · and
Audio reading of line 18
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 19 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶𐎡/𐎹
: x-š-ç-m : u-t-a : t-y : m-n-a : k-r-t-m : u-t-a : t-y-m-i-/y
Machine-generated and unreviewedempire · and · so that · me, mine · do · and · who
Audio reading of line 19
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 20 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐏂 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏁𐎨𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺
: p-i-ç : k-r-t-m : a-v-š-c-i-y : a-u-r-m-z-d-a : p-a-tu-u-v
Machine-generated and unreviewedAttested line fragment; literal gloss: unknown (piça) · do · unknown (avašciy) · Ahuramazdā · protect
Audio reading of line 20
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.