𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐎠𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎥𐎢𐎺

Attested in Old Persian

Attested sentence; word glosses: this · Margian rebel · lie, deceive · in this way · speak · I · king · be · Margiana

Lemma: i-/ima- Frāda- drau̯g avaθā θanh adam xšāyaθiya- ah Margu-
Transliteration: i-y-m : f-r-a-d : a-du-u-ru-u-ji-i-y : a-v-ϑ-a : a-ϑ-h : a-d-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-mi-i-y : m-r-g-u-v
Transcription: iyam Frāda adurujiya avaθā aθanha adam xšāyaθiya ami Margau̯

Audio reading

1 reading

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for iyam Frāda adurujiya avaθā aθanha adam xšāyaθiya ami Margau̯; English gloss: Attested sentence; word glosses: this · Margian rebel · lie, deceive · in this way · speak · I · king · be · Margiana.

Writing system

Sign analysis

Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBj (Q007144) · Q007144.U2 · Persian 1 - Persian 5

Documented dictionary attestation in DBj (Q007144), Q007144.U2 · Persian 1 - Persian 5.View source

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TITUS Old Persian corpus

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

Scholarly evidence chain and method of use

The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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